Graphene

Graphene and carbon nanotubes are super lightweight materials that have the potential to revolutionize construction. If nanotechnology keeps advancing we might be able to create large amounts of graphene by the end of the 21st century.

• Graphene is made of a single molecular layer of carbon atoms that are bonded to form a very thin, durable sheet.

• Graphene is almost transparent and weighs almost nothing. It is known as the toughest material known to science, which is stronger than even diamonds.

• Graphene can also conduct electricity, and scientists have already made tiny transistors from it.

Carbon nanotubes are many sheets of graphene rolled up into long tubes, and they are essentially unbreakable and almost invisible.

• Currently, it is challenging to produce a lot of pure graphene. Any imperfection at the molecular level gets rid of its properties.

• By the next century, it could be possible to produce an immense amount of these materials, which would be revolutionary. Entire cities could be made out of these materials, even Mars colonies or on other extraterrestrial planets.

Sources:

The Future of Humanity by Michio Kaku